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Rècord històric de parelles reproductores de flamenc al delta de l’Ebre amb més de 4.000 exemplars

Pla general d'una colònia del flamencs al Parc Natural del Delta de l’Ebre. Imatge d'arxiu.
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La colònia de flamencs del Parc Natural del Delta de l’Ebre ha assolit aquesta temporada un rècord històric amb 4.303 parelles reproductores des que l’espècie va començar a criar en aquest indret l’any el 1992. En concret, en l’últim cens s’han registrat 1.300 parelles més respecte a l’any passat. El trencament de la barra del Trabucador des del Gloria i les limitacions derivades de la crisi sanitària per coronavirus no han permès desenvolupar amb detall el seguiment de la colònia com en altres anys. Malgrat això, tot apunta que alguns exemplars ja s’han reproduït. Enguany, l’anellament de polls previst pel juliol s’ha suspès a causa de la pandèmia.

Els Agents Rurals de les Terres de l’Ebre van elaborar per primera vegada el cens de parelles de flamencs amb imatges de dron, el passat 22 de maig. En el recompte van registrar 4.303 parelles, una xifra que se situa molt per sobre de la mitjana (1.523,7 parelles) des que aquesta au es va establir a les salines de la Trinitat de la Punta de la Banya, a Sant Carles de la Ràpita. En els primers anys, la població reproductora va oscil·lar entre 251 i 1.677 parelles. A partir del 2006 es va iniciar una tendència a l’alça que va assolir un màxim històric de 3.139 parelles al cap de tres anys.

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L’any 2013 però es va trencar aquesta tendència i, llavors, va començar un període advers de quatre anys. A causa de problemes amb el gavià argentat de potes grogues (Larus michahellis) i la guineu (Vulpes vulpes) es van registrar valors inferiors a les 1.000 parelles. Les accions de control dirigides a ambdues espècies van permetre recuperar les poblacions fins a aconseguir, enguany, el seu màxim històric absolut.

Pla general aeri d’una colònia del flamencs al Parc Natural del Delta de l’Ebre. Imatge dels Agents Rurals.

Primers naixements de polls

Tot i que els agents rurals no ha pogut fer un seguiment exhaustiu a causa de les condicions del confinament i pel trencament recurrent de la barra del trabucador, es té constància que algunes parelles de flamencs s’han reproduït unes setmanes abans, i que ja tenen cura dels primers polls.

Una de les espècies més emblemàtiques

El flamenc és una de les espècies més emblemàtiques del Parc Natural del Delta de l’Ebre. De fet, és l’únic lloc de Catalunya on es reprodueix i un dels pocs punts de la Mediterrània on ho fa de manera regular. La població de flamencs, tant adults com immadurs no reproductors, presenta fortes fluctuacions estacionals. A l’hivern és el període que tenen més presència amb uns 12.500 exemplars de mitjana. En canvi, es redueixen pràcticament a la meitat durant la primavera i l’estiu.

Pla general d’un grup de flamencs a la Bassa de l’Encanyissada del delta de l’Ebre. Imatge del 4 de febrer del 2019 (horitzontal)

Suspensió de l’anellament dels polls

L’anellament de flamencs és una activitat científica que requereix la participació d’unes 250 persones, entre tècnics i voluntaris. Les característiques d’aquesta activitat, amb reunions multitudinàries, transport per accedir a la zona d’anellament, entre altres, ha provocat que no sigui aconsellable fer-la arran de la crisi sanitària.

 

El delta de l’Ebre forma part la Mediterranean and West African Greater Flamingo Network, entitat que aplega set països de la conca mediterrània, des de Mauritània fins a Turquia, que coordina el seguiment i l’anellament de flamencs. Fins al 2019, al delta de l’Ebre s’han anellat 4.370 exemplars de flamenc. Això ha permès observar-los en un total de catorze països, com ara França (36% de les observacions), Espanya (21%) i Itàlia (19%), encara que també s’han registrat observacions a indrets molt més llunyans com ara Mauritània, Senegal, Montenegro i Turquia.

 

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