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Menjar una poma al dia redueix el risc de patir malalties cardiovasculars

Pla mitjà del doctorand de la URV Andrée Sandoval, al centre, amb les investigadores Rosa Solà (esquerra) i Úrsula Catalán, que són les supervisores de la seva tesi. Imatge publicada el 27 de febrer del 2020. (Horitzontal)
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Investigadors del Grup de Recerca en Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malaltia Cardiovascular (NFOC-Salut) de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) han constatat els beneficis de la ingesta de pomes per a la prevenció de malalties cardiovasculars. El grup ha analitzat els estudis fets fins ara sobre l’efecte del consum de pomes de polpa vermella riques en antocianines per reduir el colesterol, en el marc del projecte ‘AppleCor’. La prova científica demostra que els individus que ingereixen almenys una poma sencera al dia -uns 100 grams-, com a mínim durant un any, redueixen en un 14% el risc de morir per qualsevol causa, en un 27% el risc de morir per ictus i en un 25% el risc de morir per un infart cardíac i de patir un ictus.

A més, es redueix en un 9% el risc d’hipertensió i en un 24% el risc que l’aorta es calcifiqui de manera greu.

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D’altra banda, l’efecte del consum de pomes, verificat mitjançant estudis d’intervenció nutricional, demostra que tenen un efecte beneficiós en els nivells lipídics sanguinis. Així doncs, menjar una poma al dia durant almenys vuit setmanes redueix els valors de colesterol total i de colesterol de baixa densitat (LDL o ‘colesterol dolent’). A aquests beneficis s’hi afegeix que consumir una poma al dia fa augmentar els nivells de colesterol d’alta densitat (HDL o ‘colesterol bo’).

 

Els beneficis d’aquesta fruita no només es limiten als lípids sanguinis sinó que també fan disminuir els nivells d’inflamació amb la reducció d’un grup de proteïnes conegudes com citocines proinflamatòries i amb altres marcadors d’inflamació determinats en sang, com la proteïna C reactiva.

 

Millora de la funció arterial

 

De la mateixa manera, la ingesta de 200 grams de poma sencera provoca la reducció de la pressió arterial sistòlica i millora la funció arterial durant les dues hores després d’haver-ne consumit. Aquests avantatges es van demostrar consumint una poma al dia sense importar-ne la classe, però, com explica l’equip investigador, una gran part de la magnitud dels efectes depèn de l’origen geogràfic de les pomes consumides, ja que condicions com el clima, la temporada de collita i el tipus de sòl en modifiquen significativament la composició nutricional.

 

Aquests resultats formen part del projecte ‘AppleCor’, que ha rebut el suport del Ministeri d’Economia, Indústria i Competitivitat, l’Agència Estatal d’Investigació i el Fons Europeu de Desenvolupament Regional. Dins d’aquest projecte s’emmarca la tesi doctoral d’Andrée Sandoval, un dels doctorands cofinançats per la Fundació La Pedrera, que també forma part dels 45 doctorands contractats a través de el programa Martí i Franquès COFUND de la URV.

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