Divendres, 22 de novembre del 2024

La Unesco ha declarat els raiers com a Patrimoni Cultural Immaterial

Tant la Pobla de Segur com Coll de Nargó ja han preparat actes de celebració per aquest cap de setmana.

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Els raiers han obtingut el reconeixement com a Patrimoni Cultural Immaterial per la Unesco. El Comitè intergovernamental del patrimoni cultural immaterial d’aquest organisme internacional reunit a Rabat (Marroc) ha avalat així la candidatura conjunta dels governs d’Àustria, Txèquia, Alemanya, Letònia, Polònia i Espanya. Els raiers de la Pobla de Segur i Pont de Claverol (Pallars Jussà) i Coll de Nargó (Alt Urgell) formaven part de la candidatura i creuen que la decisió de la Unesco ajudarà a preservar l’ofici, un homenatge a totes les persones que durant anys van destinar la seva vida al transport fluvial de la fusta. Tant la Pobla de Segur com Coll de Nargó ja han preparat actes de celebració per aquest cap de setmana.

El camí cap a la consecució de la candidatura va començar l’any 2010 a Rovereto, al Trentino, en una assemblea de l’Associació Internacional on ja es va parlar de demanar incloure els raiers a Patrimoni de la Unesco. A la trobada de l’any següent, celebrada a Alemanya, es va acordar iniciar el procés i coincidint amb la Trobada Internacional de Raiers de la Noguera Pallaresa de l’any 2012, que va tenir lloc a la Pobla de Segur amb la presència de més de vint associacions, ja es comença a treballar per preparar la candidatura.

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Les associacions raieres perseguien el reconeixement de la Unesco per posar en valor la feina dels avantpassats raiers i la festa que rememora aquest ofici que consistia amb el transport fluvial de la fusta des dels boscos del Pirineu fins al mar.

Tret de sortida de la candidatura dels raiers a optar a patrimoni de la humanitat per la UNESCO el 29 de juny de l’any 2012 a la Pobla de Segur.

L’ofici de raier

L’ofici de raier es basa en el transport de la fusta pel riu i els rais eren les embarcacions que es muntaven i els servien per baixar-la. Per poder fer la seva feina, comptaven amb l’ajuda d’altres treballadors de la fusta com ara els picadors, que la talaven dels boscos, i els tiradors, que l’arrossegaven amb mules fins a la vora del riu on els raiers muntaven el rai. Aleshores començava la part més dura, la de lligar les fustes del rai i conduir-les fins a arribar al mar.

El transport de la fusta pels rius va ser, durant segles, un mode de vida. Els raiers van perdurar fins a principis del segle XX, quan es van construir les preses i van aparèixer els camions. Però aquest ofici ha existit a tot el món, des de l’Àfrica fins al Canadà, passant pel Japó, on també existeixen agrupacions que el commemoren. És per aquest motiu que des de 1986 se celebren les Trobades Internacionals de Raiers arreu del món per recuperar i rememorar aquest ofici, que a partir d’aquest dijous, ja és reconegut per la Unesco.

La Diada dels Raiers a la Pobla de Segur es celebra el primer diumenge de juliol i a Coll de Nargó, després de dur-se a terme fins ara al mes d’agost, es farà per primer cop a la primavera. Tot i que la data està encara per determinar, l’objectiu és aprofitar que el riu Segre baixa amb més cabal d’aigua en aquesta època de l’any per poder allargar el recorregut de descens amb rai.

Dos raiers controlant el rai mentre baixen per la Noguera Pallaresa

El toc de campanes manual, Patrimoni de la Humanitat

La Unesco també va declarar dimecres el toc de campanes manual patrimoni de la humanitat. A la candidatura hi figuraven poblacions on aquesta pràctica hi té molta rellevància com són Òs de Balaguer, on cada any s’hi celebra una trobada estatal, i les Borges Blanques. Els campaners faran un toc de campanes especial de celebració dissabte a les dotze del migdia.

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