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La producció de mel a les Terres de l’Ebre cau entre el 75% i fins el 90% en algunes varietats

La situació de Tarragona és extrapolable al conjunt de Catalunya, on la campanya 2021 hi va haver una producció de 2.117 tones.

Un apicultor mostrant una bresca amb abelles
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La Federació de Cooperatives Agràries de Catalunya (FCAC) alerta que la campanya apícola 2022 de les Terres de l’Ebre i el Camp de Tarragona és la pitjor que es recorda en els últims vint anys. Les cooperatives apícoles tarragonines estimen que només s’ha aconseguit arribar a una producció entre el 20% i 25% respecte a l’any anterior.

Aquesta davallada d’un 75% en la producció de la mel és superior en el cas concret de la mel de romer, que ha sofert una caiguda del 90%.

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En altres varietats, en relació a la campanya 2021, la disminució oscil·laria entre el 60%-70% a la mel d’alta muntanya, un 50% a la mel de taronger, 35% a la multifloral i un 40% a d’altres floracions.

La situació de Tarragona és extrapolable al conjunt de Catalunya, on la campanya 2021 hi va haver una producció de 2.117 tones. D’aquestes, un 43% (906.651 tones) van correspondre a província de Tarragona, que és la que té més pes i on enguany s’han deixat de produir més de 600 tones de mel, amb un valor econòmic de gairebé 4 milions d’euros. Les cooperatives apícoles tarragonines produeixen el 14% del total de la mel de Catalunya.

També en el conjunt de l’Estat espanyol la situació és similar i s’estima una disminució mitjana de la producció de la mel també superior al 60%.

Pere Descàrrega, representant del sector apícola de la FCAC, explica que “el retard en la floració del romaní, que és la varietat més preuada i característica de la província de Tarragona, ha provocat una caiguda dràstica de la producció que també s’ha generalitzat a altres varietats monoflorals. A més, hi ha factors que cal tenir en compte la campanya d’enguany com la presència de la Vespa asiàtica, l’increment dels costos d’energia que han dificultat la realització de transhumàncies més llargues i els efectes del canvi climàtic”.

En aquest sentit, les plantes productores de nèctar que serveixen d’aliment a les abelles han sofert les conseqüències derivades de les elevades temperatures i l’extrema sequera, produint molta menys quantitat de nèctar, que és la base de la futura mel. Això ha provocat que les abelles s’hagin hagut d’alimentar suplementàriament per assegurar la seva supervivència i ha suposat un increment afegit dels costos del 40%.

Pel que fa a la problemàtica de la Vespa asiàtica (Vespa velutina nigrithorax), es tracta d’una espècie invasora i present arreu de Catalunya que afecta al 45% de l’apicultura catalana. S’estima que a les comarques tarragonines hi ha unes 10.000 arnes afectades -d’un total de 40.000- per aquesta espècie, amb la conseqüència que, des de la primavera, han deixat de produir una quantitat important de mel.

En paral·lel, el sector apícola ha de gestionar el control de la varroa, un àcar paràsit que colonitza els ruscs de l’abella Apis mellifera provocant la seva debilitat fins a la mort. Els principis actius que estan permesos actualment per lluitar contra la varroa són insuficients i ineficaços, provocant resistències que converteixen aquesta problemàtica en un malson.

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