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La carn és bona o és dolenta? Depèn!

Raquel Serrat

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L’Ajuntament de Barcelona impulsa canvis en els menús escolars disminuint el consum de carn vermella i carn processada i la substitueix per llegum. Em sembla perfecte. Fer cas de les recomanacions de l’OMS, a la piràmide dels aliments i apostar per un retorn a la dieta mediterrània és fantàstic. Ara bé, que l’Ajuntament digui que deixar de menjar carn és saludable i sostenible, no hi estic gens d’acord. Parlem-ne.

La carn és una font de proteïnes d’alt valor biològic (entre el 15% i el 25% de la seva composició són proteïnes), ens aporta tots els aminoàcids essencials i és l’única font de vitamina B12 imprescindible per a la correcte assimilació del ferro. Aquesta carn no conté hidrats de carboni. Pel que fa al greix, varia segons l’espècie, la part de l’animal i la manera com ha viscut aquest animal. El greix no s’ha de veure com un nutrient dolent. En quantitats adequades és imprescindible, perquè funcions vitals com la conservació de teixits, la regulació de processos hormonals i la facilitat de digestió, així com l’aportació d’energia, es portin a terme correctament.

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La carn vermella (vedella, vaca, bou, xai, cabrit, poltre, porc, ànec, caça i vísceres) deu la coloració a la mioglobina, una proteïna formada, entre altres coses, per un àtom de ferro. Conté greix intramuscular que li proporciona tendresa al paladar i, nutricionalment, en fa fàcil la digestió. Aquest greix varia de composició i quantitat segons l’espècie. Per exemple: la carn de poltre aporta quantitats d’àcids grassos essencials com l’omega 3 equiparables al peix blau. Aquest greix protegeix davant de malalties cardiovasculars, diabetis i del risc de fractura òssia.

El ferro de les carns vermelles és altament biodisponible, cosa que les fa ideals per persones anèmiques, esportistes, infants, gent gran i per dones gestants o lactants. Ajuda el nostre sistema immunitari i és necessari per al correcte funcionament del sistema nerviós. La proteïna vegetal no aporta directament aquests aminoàcids i ferro, per això, per assolir els mateixos nivells, cal saber fer una correcta proporció de llegum i verdures. La digestió és molt més lenta i l’organisme ha de dedicar-hi més energia.

D’altra banda, les carns vermelles contenen purines que provenen del metabolisme de les proteïnes i s’acaben transformant en àcid úric. Per tant, serien menys recomanables per persones amb gota. Però una cosa és adaptar la dieta a la salut de cada persona i l’altra fer-ho per seguir una moda o per informacions errònies. La piràmide de la dieta mediterrània recomana consumir una o dos racions de carn vermella a la setmana i entre dues i quatre de carn blanca (pollastre, gall d’indi, estruç, conill), que té un contingut nutricional més suau.

La carn processada és aquella que s’ha transformat: frankfurts, nuggets, pernil, embotits, salsitxes, hamburgueses, carn en conserva, fumats, etcètera. La podem posar tota dins un mateix sac? Evidentment que no. No és el mateix una hamburguesa feta a la carnisseria, on t’han picat la carn davant teu i en pots conèixer l’origen, que un Frankfurt industrial la composició del qual és bàsicament greix d’origen incert amb sal, colorants, estabilitzants i conservants.

Menjar carn és dolent? Depèn! La carn té unes propietats nutricionals extraordinàries que ningú pot negar. La qualitat i seguretat d’aquesta carn és diversa segons l’origen, el maneig i benestar de l’animal, l’alimentació (farratge, pastura, pinso ecològic, pinso convencional…), si s’ha pogut moure o ha estat sempre estabulat, de si s’han respectat els ritmes de creixement o s’han accelerat, entre altres. .

Com a consumidors, com podem obtenir garanties respecte la carn? Molt fàcil! Apostant pels productes de proximitat, per les ramaderies familiars de proximitat que asseguren el benestar animal i es preocupen perquè arribi una carn sana i segura a taula. És l’únic camí, perquè realment assolim una alimentació saludable i sostenible. Compreu carn de confiança sense manipular o manipulada davant vostre. Quan us vingui de gust menjar embotit, opteu per un bon pernil o un embotit de confiança.

Aquests petits grans canvis sí que contribuiran a la lluita contra l’emergència climàtica i la petjada de carboni, i enriquiran el país: aconseguirem l’equilibri territorial i guanyarem en paisatge, biodiversitat i qualitat mediambiental. Tant les administracions autonòmiques, com les locals i el consumidor particular hi hem d’apostar.

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Fem periodisme dirigint la mirada a allò què passa més enllà de les ciutats. Escrivim per descobrir la riquesa de les nostres comarques, de les persones que hi viuen i la diversitat de les seves iniciatives. Parlem de la terra per situar el sector primari al lloc que es mereix, però també abracem el nostre patrimoni cultural, històric i natural. En definitiva, mirem al territori per entendre tot un país.

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