Dilluns, 20 de gener del 2025

Els arqueòlegs troben part d’una estàtua de Mercuri del segle I aC al subsol de la plaça Major de Salitja

Les prospeccions a l'espai documenten vint sitges ibèriques i un cementiri medieval amb una trentena d'enterraments

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Els arqueòlegs han desenterrat part d’una estàtua del déu Mercuri del segle I aC durant les prospeccions a la plaça Major de Salitja (Selva). És un fragment de bronze d’una cama i un peu de la divinitat. S’identifica clarament que l’escultura representava el missatger dels déus, perquè porta la característica sandàlia alada. El fragment era dins una de les vint sitges ibèriques que s’han trobat al subsol de la plaça Major arran de les obres per reformar l’espai. L’arqueòleg d’Atri Cultura i Patrimoni, Joan Llinàs, destaca que és una troballa “singular” que obre noves hipòtesis sobre la romanització en aquesta part de la comarca. Els treballs arqueològics també han permès documentar una necròpolis medieval amb una trentena d’enterraments.

 

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Des dels ibers fins a l’edat mitjana. Sota la plaça Major de Salitja s’hi amagaven dos jaciments, que ara les obres de reforma que s’estan fent en aquest espai del nucli de Vilobí d’Onyar han fet aflorar. Per una banda, s’han localitzat vint sitges ibèriques, amb una cronologia que s’estén des del segle IV aC fins a l’I aC. I per l’altra, en un extrem més a tocar de l’església de Santa Maria, allà on abans hi havia la sagrera, s’ha trobat una necròpolis medieval dels segles XII-XIII dC.

 

Tot i que les sitges no es preservin -un cop documentades, s’estan tornant a tapar- la troballa d’aquests dipòsits sí que testimonia que la zona estava habitada. “Durant l’època ibèrica i tardoibèrica aquí ja s’hi feia activitat agrícola; no estem parlant de boscos ni de camps erms, sinó de l’existència de conreus”, concreta el director de les excavacions, l’arqueòleg Joan Llinàs.

 

Més enllà d’això, a dins les sitges també s’han trobat fragments de ceràmica, d’àmfores i de trossos d’atuells del dia a dia (com ara plats, gerres o olles). “És un material que ens dona dades sobre com era la vida quotidiana de la gent, i que també ens confirma les relacions comercials que mantenien; perquè parlem d’una època en què la societat ibèrica ja estava oberta al Mediterrani”, concreta l’arqueòleg.

 

Dos mil·lennis sota terra

 

Però a banda d’aquests fragments, dins una de les sitges també s’hi amagava una peça singular: un fragment d’una estàtua de bronze del déu romà Mercuri. Que ara, dos mil·lennis més tard, ha tornat a veure la llum del sol. El tros d’estàtua va aparèixer dins el farciment d’un dels dipòsits ibers i els arqueòlegs l’han datada entre principis i la primera meitat del segle I aC.

 

Llinàs explica que “no hi ha cap dubte” que l’estàtua representava el missatger dels déus -Hermes, en la mitologia grega- i protector del comerç. Precisament, perquè s’aprecia clarament com el peu calça una sandàlia alada. “No hi ha cap altra divinitat ni personatge mitològic que en portés; és inqüestionable”, afirma l’arqueòleg d’Atri Cultura i Patrimoni.

 

Joan Llinàs explica que, a més de ser la troballa “més significativa” que han fet a Salitja, el fragment de l’escultura de bronze també obre noves hipòtesis -i interrogants- sobre el procés de romanització que va viure la zona. “Estem parlant d’una estàtua de qualitat, que si s’hagués trobat sencera mesuraria entre 80 i 90 centímetres; per tant, això denota que qui la va adquirir era una persona de poder adquisitiu alt”, concreta l’arqueòleg.

 

“Al segle I aC ja s’havia iniciat la romanització, però encara s’està en una etapa de transició”, explica Llinàs. “No és estrany que dins una sitja amb material ibèric hi trobem també peces romanes; però localitzar-ne una d’aquest valor i qualitat, sí que és singular”, hi afegeix el responsable d’Atri Cultura i Patrimoni.

 

De moment, el fragment d’estàtua de Mercuri ja s’ha preservat (per evitar la corrosió del bronze) i ara tocarà restaurar-lo i documentar-lo. Tot i que Joan Llinàs explica que al voltant de Salitja s’han trobat evidències que hi hauria una vil·la romana, l’arqueòleg la desvincula de la troballa de l’escultura de Mercuri, “perquè la seva cronologia seria posterior al camp de sitges ibèriques, on s’ha trobat el fragment”.

 

Necròpolis medieval

 

Aquests dies, quan les màquines que reformen la plaça Major ja han començat a cobrir de nou les sitges ibèriques, la tasca dels arqueòlegs es concentra a la zona on hi havia el cementiri medieval. Aquí, s’han trobat fins ara una trentena d’enterraments, entre els quals hi ha esquelets gairebé sencers.

 

“De moment, i de manera provisional, situem aquesta necròpolis entre els segles XII i XIII; tot i que no descartem que aquesta cronologia pugui ser una mica anterior o posterior”, explica Llinàs. A l’hora d’excavar, però, el que sí que s’han trobat és que hi ha esquelets que se superposen els uns amb els altres.

 

“Les fosses més recents retallen aquelles altres més antigues”, explica el responsable d’Atri Cultura i Patrimoni. “Això ens porta a pensar que aquesta zona es va fer servir com a cementiri durant un període de temps relativament llarg”, concreta Llinàs. “El més probable és que entre uns esquelets i altres passessin, com a mínim, entre dos i tres generacions”, conclou.

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